Pilonidal Cyst
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A pilonidal cyst is a cavity that forms under the skin in the intergluteal cleft, near the coccyx. It may remain asymptomatic or become infected, causing pain and inflammation.
What is a pilonidal cyst?
A pilonidal cyst, also known as a pilonidal sinus, is a small sac or cavity that forms under the skin in the upper part of the gluteal cleft (between the buttocks), near the coccyx. It typically contains hair, dead skin, and other debris, and may remain asymptomatic unless it becomes infected.
Common symptoms
When a pilonidal cyst becomes infected (forming an abscess), symptoms include:
- Severe pain and swelling in the lower back, near the coccyx.
- Redness of the surrounding skin.
- Warmth to the touch in the affected area.
- Drainage of pus or blood through a small opening (sinus tract) in the skin, often with a foul odor.
- Fever and general malaise if the infection is significant.
- Difficulty or pain when sitting.
Causes and Risk Factors
Although the exact cause is not fully known, it is considered an acquired condition in which hormonal factors play a role and hairs in the area penetrate the skin, triggering an inflammatory reaction that forms the cyst. Risk factors include:
- Excess body hair, especially coarse or thick hair.
- Obesity.
- Family history.
- Sedentary lifestyle or prolonged sitting.
- Excessive sweating in the area.
- Family history
Treatment
When a pilonidal cyst becomes infected (forming an abscess), the symptoms include:
Infected cyst (abscess):
Incision and drainage to release the pus and relieve pain, under local anesthesia.
Recurrent or chronic cyst:
Surgery to completely remove the cyst and the sinus tracts.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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